Sarah Spreitzer: Welcome, dotEDU listeners, to dotEDU Global Voices, a short series based on a new book called Spotlighting Female Leadership: Strategies, Stories, and Perspectives. The book highlights the stories of 10 women presidents, chancellors, and rectors from universities around the world.
I’m
Sarah Spreitzer, vice president and chief of staff for Government
Relations here at the American Council on Education, and I am so lucky
to be joined for these podcasts by my esteemed colleague Devorah
Lieberman.
Devorah is the editor of the book, my co-host for
this series. She is currently a senior advisor to the president’s office
here at ACE, and she was also the president emerita of La Verne
University in California. Hi, Devorah. How are you?
Devorah Lieberman: I’m so happy to be with you, Sarah. Thank you.
Sarah Spreitzer: Yeah, and I’m so excited about this book. Do you want to tell us a little bit about it before we jump into our interviews?
Devorah Lieberman:
Yeah, I’m delighted, honored, and excited to be with you and to tell
you a little bit more about the book and how it came about.
In
my last year as the president at the University of La Verne, I had
been, for years prior to that, very active in the International
Association of University Presidents, IAUP. And during my last year of
my presidency at the university, in talking with Fernando León Garcia,
who is the president of CETYS University in Mexico, and he was the
president of IAUP, we were having this conversation and both of us said,
okay, next year you’ll be working for ACE and Ted Mitchell, you’ll be
doing executive coaching, you’ll be doing a lot of other things
post-presidency. What else do you want to do? And I said, “Fernando,
what can I do to help or to assist or support IAUP?” And he said, “We’d
love for you to help lead a women’s initiative.”
So one of the things that came out of the Women’s Initiative was this book that’s now called Spotlighting Female Leadership: Strategies, Stories, and Perspectives.
And we identified 10 women, all successful presidents, rectors, or
chancellors in the IAUP association, and said, how can we write a book
that spotlights these 10 presidents and have it accessible and available
for anyone in the world?
Each of the presidents was asked 10
or so prompts, 10 questions about their presidency. Were you the first
president? What were challenges you faced? Did you feel as a female that
your gender had any impact? And what was so interesting, they all had
the same questions. There were commonalities that emerged across all of
the chapters. So it doesn’t matter if you were a Turkish president or a
president from Spain or Mexico or Bangladesh. From any of these
countries that were represented, there were commonalities.
The
few that I highlight today and the first chapter in this book, I wrote
the first chapter, that focuses on these emergent themes that cut across
all of these presidents and these women. They all talked about
resilience. They all talked about the mentors that they had and how they
are mentoring others and that they’re role models to help other female
presidents and other presidents and others who want to aspire to move up
the ladder to a potential presidency. They all talked about having a
higher purpose. It wasn’t about their ego; it was about their
institution and the mission of their institution. And finally, they
talked about the imposter syndrome. Am I good enough? And how they
always felt that they had to be proving that they were good enough.
So
a fascinating book, and the emergent themes were something I didn’t
expect, and I’m excited for everyone to read the book and hear the
podcasts.
Sarah Spreitzer: And our first
conversation is with one of our colleagues from Turkey, who was one of
the first female rectors—I just looked on her Wikipedia page—she was the
third female rector in all of Turkey and the first one at her
institution. And so I will let you introduce her.
Devorah Lieberman:
Thank you, Sarah. Her name is Gülsün Sağlamer, and she was the rector
of the Istanbul Technical University. She’s from Turkey. She studied at
this university herself, and she did her postgraduate work in the UK at
the University of Cambridge. Fascinating individual and a visionary. She
was the rector from 1996 to 2004 and left an indelible mark and a
phenomenal legacy at the university.
And since leaving the
university or leaving the rectorship, she has been the president of the
European women’s association specifically called the European Women
Rectors Association. And she has taken that association to phenomenal
heights and fascinating that she is so committed to the women’s
leadership that she has made that her life’s work post her rectorship.
Sarah Spreitzer: So let’s listen now to our conversation with Gülsün.
Gülsün,
it’s so good to see you, and thank you so much. I know that there is
some sort of time difference, and it seems to be dark where you are. So
thank you so much for joining me and Devorah on this podcast.
Gülsün Sağlamer:
It has been a great pleasure to be invited to this podcast, and I’m
really honored to be a part of this project. And we all know that there
are a lot of resistances towards women leadership across the world, and
very small number of women professors, leaders are going to be the
rector of their universities. And so I am proud of being one of them,
and especially in a technical university.
This wasn’t an easy
task, easy process for me. But I think the university loved me when I
became the rector. And we did a lot of things. We have been successful
in many areas together with my colleagues. Without their support, it
wouldn’t be possible to achieve such important results in every aspect
of the university. So I am very grateful to my colleagues in my
university.
Sarah Spreitzer: Well, we’re very lucky to be speaking
with you today. And I’ll just start with... My first question is, were
you the first woman in the position of rector for the Istanbul Technical
College, and can you talk about any significant moments regarding your
tenure as the rector at the institution?
Gülsün Sağlamer:
Yes, thank you. My university is the oldest, one of the oldest
technical universities in Europe as well. It has a 250 years history
established in the Ottoman Empire time in 1773. So the university has a
very high reputation in the university and across the world because
their engineers that the university educated, trained had been very
successful throughout the history. So that created our positive image
across the world. And our graduate students have been accepted to very
leading American universities, British universities as PhD students. And
they came back and they are coming back still and trying to contribute
to the development of the country. I’m happy to be the first female
rector of my university, but it is very sad not to have the second one
yet.
Devorah Lieberman: When I was appointed
president of the University of La Verne in 2011, I was the first female
appointed president, and the university is 134 years old. And so there
were 17 male presidents prior to me, and I wasn’t sure how the
university would react to having the first female president, and was it
going to be positive, negative, neutral?
So when I was first
announced in the campus, I was announced in front of the whole campus,
and nobody on the campus knew who the next president was going to be. It
was decided without them knowing. And when they brought me out, there
was women in the audience. The women faculty started to cry and other...
I mean literally, they were sitting in the front row and they said, “We
never thought in our lives we would have a female president.” And most
of the male professors applauded, but there were no tears, let me just
say that. And the women came rushing up to me afterwards, and it was
just an explosion of excitement for that moment.
So when you
were first announced that you were going to be the first female rector
of ITU, how did your campus react and how did you react to them?
Gülsün Sağlamer: Well,
in 1992, the Higher Education Council changed its appointment system
and let the university academics, including PhD holders, to elect the
rector of the university. In 1992, I helped one of the really very
well-known and strong personality male colleague, to be elected as the
rector of the university. And we managed to get the most votes and he
was elected and he asked me to be the vice rector of the university. And
then I started to work with him and I have had a chance to learn more
about other faculties because I was in my faculty, in the faculty of
architecture. So then I had a chance to learn about the whole university
during those years.
And in 1996, the rector decided not to
run for the second term. Then I decided to run because there were a lot
of people coming to me and asking me to run for the rectorship as the
previous rector is not going to run for the elections. And then I said I
will. So then I got the most votes. And there were 10 male candidates.
10 male candidates and myself. And during the campaign, it is a funny
story, those 10 male candidates were all attacking me but not each
other. It was really very interesting case.
But I was elected
with a great participation of the colleagues, but the result was sent to
the president of the country. He was going to appoint the rector. He
could have a chance to appoint one of the first three. But Mr. Süleyman
Demirel appointed myself without any hesitation.
And before that
appointed me, a group of people from the university went to meet with
him and expressed their concern that, “Professor Sağlamer is a female
person and she’s an architect, but this is a technical university
dominated by the engineering faculties. Therefore, please, president,
appoint the second one on the list.”
But President Demirel was
very, very, not angry but very depressed to hear this. And he said
that, “What are you talking about? In the 220 years history of my
university there is a female professor got the most votes, and I’m not
going to appoint her but the one that you are proposing me? No way. I
have already appointed her as the first female rector of my university.”
President
Demirel was also our alumni. So he was very careful about the
democracy, and he did his best. But those 10 candidates were creating
trouble in the first four years, all together. But they were not able to
stop our reforms, our new investments, and our implementing new systems
across the university. So we did our best together with my colleagues
in Istanbul Technical University.
Sarah Spreitzer:
Gülsün, that’s fascinating because obviously our presidents are chosen
by our boards. And so to have that political aspect, that’s really
fascinating. Any highlights from your tenure that you want to call out?
Gülsün Sağlamer: Well,
during my first period, as I explained before, these 10 candidates
tried to create problems, but there were not really difficult ones. And
we were able to overcome the difficulties and continued our journey to
reach our goals on time. So we managed to do the things.
The
most important thing, I think, in my case is that the older, powerful
alumni was looking to their technical university and because the
technical university has had very high prestige. But in recent years, as
Middle East Technical University, Boğaziçi University started to
flourish and as they were educating the students in English language, so
they became more attractive for young generations. So we started to
lose ground.
And as they had a female president, female
rector, and according to my proposal that I prepared for the coming four
years for the university’s development projects. And after the powerful
alumni read this presentation and the projects, they all went to Mr.
Süleyman Demirel, president Demirel, that we are ready to support the
university in terms of investments and in terms of any change process.
So
I have had this opportunity and we have had used this opportunity in a
very efficient way and established mixed-language, Turkish and English
language courses throughout the university, and over 30 percent of the
courses were given in English language and even more. And then we raised
enormous amount of fund from the alumni to upgrade all the
infrastructure, to establish new centers, to establish excellent
dormitories, student facilities, and everything.
And then in
four years’ time, the university was a completely different university
in terms of its infrastructure, in terms of its educational system and
research outputs, and also the profile of its students and academic
staff. So there was a great, great jump from the previous situation
after the four years. So that was a very promising case for the next
four-year period.
Sarah Spreitzer: So really modernizing it.
Gülsün Sağlamer: Yeah, modernizing it.
Sarah Spreitzer: Taking it into the next century.
Gülsün Sağlamer:
Yeah. But we have had a capacity. Most of our academic staff, even if
some of them get their PhD in United States, in UK, in Turkey, and they
were all came together to upgrade everything that we can touch. So that
was a kind of movement that everybody took part, except those 10
persons, probably.
Sarah Spreitzer: How about
you, Devorah? Did you find the same types of things when you moved into
La Verne with alumni, faculty resistance to a female president?
Devorah Lieberman: Well,
I think there was. I don’t think it was as overt. But two things came
to mind, Sarah, when you asked the question about early on in the
tenure, like what were some significant lessons learned? I’ll use that.
And two things come to mind.
First is, I knew that this
institution, which is now 134 years old, was very used to having a male
president. And that was obvious. It was also very used to, the
university was founded by a Christian denomination. So every president
prior to me was male and was from that particular Christian
denomination. So now they had a female and they had someone who is not
even Christian. So what a change for this institution.
So one
of the first things I did was, how do we recognize the past and honor
the past so that we can also have our eyes focused on the future and not
be focused on religion as much or gender as much with their presidents?
So I was very, very strategic and intentional that every major event, I
invited the prior president to the event so that everybody on campus
and the alumni in the community would see the new president with the old
president. So I was really creating a connection between the past and
the present. And I think the campus really appreciated that. So my
lesson to other presidents is honor the past, don’t separate from the
past, and then live in the present and move with your eyes on the
future.
And the second example is, and it was a big pivot for
the university, I early on said... I hired an outside organization to
say what are the most needed professions in this region in the future?
And they came back and said health professions. Well, the university had
no health professions in our curriculum. So I created a community
organization called the President’s Health Advisory Council, and it was
all the health leaders, all of them in the region, the presidents of the
insurance, the hospitals, the healthcare centers.
And we met
regularly. And I kept saying to them, we kept saying to them what is
needed in the health professions from higher education graduates that we
can meet that gap or that need. Based on what the community leaders
were saying, we then created programs and a whole new college, the
College of Health and Community Wellbeing, so that we could graduate
students in programs that met the needs in the community. That was a
huge shift for the university.
Sarah Spreitzer: That’s really great. And, Gülsün, how old is Istanbul Technical University? I should have asked.
Gülsün Sağlamer: We have celebrated its 250th anniversary in 2023.
Sarah Spreitzer:
See in the US, we think of 130 years being old. After Devorah talked
about that, I thought, well, I wonder how old ITU is. But Gülsün-
Gülsün Sağlamer: It
has a very powerful history as well, and graduates have had a lot of
power in the Republican period of Turkey. So they established everything
from the scratch of the things and made the country a very
forward-looking country. So ITU has a very high prestige with its
alumni.
Sarah Spreitzer: So as the first
female rector, moving into that leadership position, did you have
mentors or supporters that were helping you move into that leadership
position? And then has that colored how you look at mentorship? Can you
speak to that a bit?
Gülsün Sağlamer: Well, I
don’t know how to tell you. I think in Turkey, we don’t have that kind
of custom yet. I have been mentored and trying to learn from the
mentors. So it wasn’t a widely used practice in Turkey. And you should
think that I was elected in 1996, so long time ago. Maybe now the
mentors may be in practice, especially for the female candidates. But at
that time, there was no such concept.
And honestly, I may
tell you that I didn’t feel that I need mentors because everything was
there. So I learned a lot. I was born in Istanbul Technical University
almost. I brought up there. I know everything, and who else can help me?
But
I must tell you that I have had really excellent professors and
academic staff throughout my academic life starting from studentship
time. So I learned a lot from my professors, and when they were speaking
about their past experiences, they were all lessons. I was listening to
them carefully, and I was trying to ask more questions, to dig more
information about their experiences. So there wasn’t a specifically
mentor in my life, but I think I have used the distributed mentors
because I have had a lot of opportunity to learn from my academic life,
from my professors, from my colleagues.
Devorah Lieberman:
When I was ascending in my own professional career, I did not have an
executive coach. I didn’t have a professional who was helping me ascend.
I think things are different today around executive coaching than it
was when I was younger.
I had a president when I was a baby
assistant professor who was my role model. And I would look to her and
just admire her and try to be in a position where I could ask her
questions and she could help me navigate my own career without hiring
somebody to be my executive coach.
So now that you are a retired
rector and you are chairing the European Women’s Rector Association and
doing all these forward-thinking leadership roles with women especially,
do you feel any obligation to be a role model to future female leaders
and to help them ascend or navigate their own ascendancy?
Gülsün Sağlamer: Well,
I think if I try to answer this question, I should say yes. But what
I’m hesitant about this yes answer is that things are changing so fast.
Nowadays, if something is excellent today, maybe next year it may not be
excellent idea. So things are changing so fast in our time now. But
when I was heading to be the rector, everything was not changing so fast
at that time. So there is a difference now.
I’m hesitant now
to tell my experiences to younger people to make them strong enough to
run for the rectorship position because the conditions are changed
altogether. If I am going to help them, I have to focus on the existing
conditions, and under those conditions, if I were to run for the
rectorship, what would be the best action for me? Then if I decide that
this is the best action under these circumstances, then I can give my
advice. Otherwise, I’m afraid my advices, if I’m only using my
experiences, might be wrong for the new ones. So that makes me hesitant.
Devorah,
I don’t know what you think about this. Accelerating everything. Today,
something is good; Three weeks later you think that things change; It’s
so fast.
Sarah Spreitzer: But building on
that, Gülsün, I think that like Devorah’s question, obviously as the
first female rector, you are seen as a leader. And maybe broadening that
out from Turkey or even looking at your institution, is there any
advice you would give to someone that’s looking to become a leader in
academia, just broadly, that has served you well in your career?
Gülsün Sağlamer: Well,
now we have a different climate here now. When I was elected, I was
elected by the academics, but now there is no election process.
President of the country, he defines everything. He defines who is going
to be the rector of Istanbul Technical University. There is no
election. So in fact, on the other hand, as an answer to my colleague,
Devorah, there is no such need to go into election and to prepare
yourself to run for the rectorship and things like that. They’re all
gone. There is no such situation. So our case is not a normal case at
the moment in the last 10 years, unfortunately.
Devorah Lieberman: Wow.
So two things. First, Gülsün, I’m just speaking as a friend and a
colleague, you have so much wisdom. Things have changed. But that story I
gave about my predecessor, Steve Morgan, the president prior to me,
that I constantly brought him to campus—not constantly—but he came to
campus for big events. I would call him for advice. Even though things
had changed dramatically, my reaction to saying things have changed is
you have so much wisdom, experience, and advice. I would think and hope
that the current leaders at the university and across Europe and the
world would be looking at you to ask you, not necessarily advice but to
share their thoughts with you and get your feedback because of your
experience and your wisdom. So I just encourage others to seek you out
to listen to the wisdom that you’ve earned and gained all these years.
And
based on that, let me ask my next question. What advice, large, small, a
piece of advice, do you wish that someone had given you when you were a
rector that in hindsight now, you say, “Oh, I wish someone had given me
this piece or this kind of advice.” That’s a hard question.
Gülsün Sağlamer:
Well, I don’t know really if I have had this feeling that if I had this
advice, I would’ve done better this or better than I did. Because I was
working with a group. I was not alone. I had a young group. I didn’t
have a chance to tell you that. When I became the rector, I established a
young group who were PhD holders, assistant professors, associate
professors. There was only one professor in the group, about 20 people.
We were working together. And this group was the advisory group of the
rector.
And when I formed this group, the old professors came
to me to congratulate me. And after having our Turkish coffees, one of
them said that, “Well, dear rector, congratulations. But you have had a
very young people as your advisors. How come these young people can be
the advisor to you?” I told them that my reply was very simple, “Dear
colleagues, I know what you know, but I don’t know what they know.”
So
their proposals are very valuable for me. So that’s why they are my
advisors because I’m learning from them, they are learning from me, and
there is a very fruitful discussions going on in the group. And we are
trying to make the young generations, they are the future of the
university. The professors are professors; they are already powerful.
They don’t need help. But if we create a good young generation, powerful
young generation, then we will secure the future of the university.
That was the main idea. So it worked. It worked.
So that’s why
I think that the certain patterns lost their importance today. So we
have to be creative, and we have to look at the needs of the
universities and how to meet these needs. What kind of changes we have
to realize in order to make the university more prosperous, more active,
more creative. That’s very important. But on the other hand, we have to
take also care. Take care about the values, autonomy, academic freedom,
equity, integrity, academic rigor, excellence, confidence, social
responsibility, so on.
So we have to take all of these values
that Magna Carta is defending. And when you have this young group
working, when you take care about the values, this combination created a
lot of opportunities for us. And today from my 20 young groups, nine of
them became rectors in different universities.
Devorah Lieberman: Wow.
Sarah Spreitzer: That’s amazing.
Devorah Lieberman: That’s a tribute to you.
Gülsün Sağlamer: I love this result. Whenever I go to a university, my young colleague is their rector of the university. I’m proud of him.
Devorah Lieberman:
And Gülsün, that is a testament to you, and it’s a testament to being a
role model for all. Male, female, gender’s not the issue, ethnicity’s
not the issue, but it’s a testament to you modeling for the younger
colleagues that you lifted. You didn’t push them aside; you lifted them
up. And I think one of the most important things we can do as presidents
or rectors is to help others see in themselves what they might not
already see in themselves. And you nurtured it; you watered it like it
was a plant, a little garden, and they blossomed, and then they went on
to become rectors themselves.
Sarah Spreitzer: And
I think that’s a really high point to end this discussion, although I
could go on talking to both of you for hours here because you both have
so much to share.
But before we sign off, I did want to mention the
ACE Women’s Network. It’s a great resource that connects women in higher
education all across the United States, in our country, and helping
them develop leadership skills and advance in their careers. If you’re
looking for a community that’s all about mentorship, growth, and
supporting women, as we’ve just discussed on this podcast, visit
www.acenet.edu/womensnetwork for more details.
So thank you so much to Professor Gülsün Sağlamer for being on this podcast, and I will give you the last word.
Gülsün Sağlamer: Okay. I just would like to add one more thing.
Sarah Spreitzer: Yes.
Gülsün Sağlamer:
During my rectorship period, as women took part at top positions as
vice rectors in the second term. Two of the vice rectors were female,
and a lot of advisors, more than half of the 20, were female. And we
tried to implement a lot of support for all the young academics but
giving special chances to female ones.
What happened after the
eight years? When I became the rector, the full professors were forming
only 16 percent of the professors. When I stepped down in eight years’
time, it went up to 29 percent. From 2004 till now, there is only 36
percent, 7 percent increase. Think about it: in 20 years’ time, only 7
percent increase. But during my period in eight years’ time, 13 percent
increase in professorships because I tried to remove the artificial
barriers in front of the female academics throughout eight years and
make them powerful to apply for further degrees. So that was a very
important achievement.
And in a technical university, today we
have 36 percent of the professors are female. Almost half of the young
academics, female. So that’s a great achievement, I believe, in terms of
trying to establish a balance between males and females.
Sarah Spreitzer: That
may be a better percentage than what’s at a lot of our colleges of
engineering. So thank you, Devorah. Thank you, Professor Sağlamer. Thank
you so much for this conversation. Be sure to subscribe to dotEDU for
all of our other episodes as well as more stories from female global
leaders. And I’m Sarah Spreitzer, and I’ll see you on the next episode
of dotEDU. Thank you.